Michigan Estate Planning Blog

What Is Probate Court?

Probate court is a part of the court system that oversees the execution of wills, as well as the handling of estates, conservatorships and guardianships. This court also is responsible for the commitment of a person with psychiatric disabilities to institutions designed to help them.

Investopedia’s recent article entitled “What Is Probate Court?” also explains that the probate court makes sure all debts owed are paid and that assets are distributed properly. The court oversees and usually must approve the actions of the executor appointed to handle these matters. If a will is contested, the probate court is responsible for ruling on the authenticity of the document and the cognitive stability of the person who signed it. If no will exists, the court also decides who receives the decedent's assets, based on the laws of the state.

Each state has rules for probate and probate courts. Some states use the term “surrogate’s court”, “orphan’s court”, or “chancery court.”

Probate is usually required for property titled only in the name of the person who passes away. For example, this might include a family home that was owned jointly by a married couple after the surviving spouse dies. However, there are assets that don't require probate.

Here are some of the assets that don't need to be probated:
IRA or 401(k) retirement accounts with designated beneficiaries
Life insurance policies with designated beneficiaries
Pension plan distributions
Living trust assets
Payable-on-death (POD) bank account funds
Transfer-on-death (TOD) assets
Wages, salary, or commissions owed to the deceased (up to allowable limit)
Vehicles intended for immediate family (under state law); and
Household goods and other items intended for immediate family (under state law).

Investopedia (Sep. 21, 2022) “What Is Probate Court?”

Do You Need a Revocable or an Irrevocable Trust?

 

It’s not always obvious which type of trust is the best for an individual, says a recent article titled “Which is Best for Me: A Revocable or Irrevocable Trust?” from Westchester & Fairfield County Business Journals.

In a revocable living trust (RLT), the creator of the trust, known as the “grantor,” benefits from the trust and can be the sole Trustee. While living, the grantor/trustee has full control of the real estate property, bank accounts or investments placed in the trust. The grantor can also amend, modify and revoke the trust.

The goal of a revocable trust is mainly to avoid probate at death. Probate is the process of admitting your last will and testament in the court in the county where you lived to have your last will deemed legally valid. This is also when the court appoints the executor named in your last will. The executor then has access to the estate’s assets to pay bills and distribute funds to beneficiaries as named in the last will.

Probate can take six months to several years to complete, depending upon the complexity of the estate and the jurisdiction. Once the estate is probated, your estate is part of the public record.

A revocable living trust and the transfer of assets into the trust can accomplish everything a last will can. However, distribution of assets at the time of death remains private and the court is not involved. Distribution of assets takes place according to the instructions in the trust.

By comparison, irrevocable trusts are not easily revoked or changed. Most irrevocable trusts are used as a planning tool to transfer assets for the benefit of another person without making an outright gift, or for purposes of Medicaid or estate tax planning. An Irrevocable Medicaid Asset Protection Trust is used to allow an individual to protect their life savings and home from the cost of long-term care, while allowing the trust’s creator to continue to live in their home and benefit from income generated by assets transferred into the irrevocable trust.

The transfer of assets to a Medicaid Asset Protection trust starts a five-year penalty period for Nursing Home Medicaid and a two-and-a-half-year penalty period for Home Care Medicaid for applications filed after March 1, 2024. After the penalty (or “look back”) periods expire, the funds held by the trust are protected and are not considered countable assets for Medicaid.

An irrevocable trust can also be used to transfer assets for the benefit of a loved one, friend, child, or grandchild. Assets are not controlled by the beneficiaries but can be used by the trustee for the beneficiary’s health, education, maintenance and support.

Trusts are used to reduce the size of the taxable estate, to plan for the well-being of loved ones, and to protect the individual and couple if long-term care is needed. Speak with an estate planning attorney about which trust is best for your unique situation.

Reference: Westchester & Fairfield County Business Journals (Jan. 26, 2023) “Which is Best for Me: A Revocable or Irrevocable Trust?”

Why Does Everyone Need an Estate Plan?

Twenty and thirty-year olds are busy building their lives, starting or growing careers, exploring personal goals, repaying student loans and maybe starting a family. They’re young and healthy and think nothing can happen to them—but that’s not true. A recent article from Kiplinger titled “You’re Not Too Young for an Estate Plan: 7 Essentials for Your 20s and 30s” explains why even a twenty-year old with student loans needs an estate plan.

Student loans. Federal student loans discharge upon death, so no further payments are needed, including any federal Parent PLUS loans parents may have taken out. However, for private student loans, the decision is up to the lender. If the private loan was taken out by the student, the institution may forgive the loan. However, if a parent or another adult co-signed the loan, they might be responsible for paying the entire loan. The exception: if the loan was made after November 20, 2018, the co-signer may be protected by the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act. If you took out loans after getting married, the surviving spouse is likely to be required to pay the loan if they co-signed the loan or if you live in a community property state.

 

Health Care Directive and Health Care Power of Attorney. The Health Care Directive is used to tell your family what you would want if you were near death, whether by injury or illness. Healthcare providers are obligated to follow your directions if they are stated in this document. Without it, you could be kept on life support for many years, regardless of what your family wants.

 

A Health Care Power of Attorney is used to name someone you trust to act as your “agent,” if you become incapacitated. This document is focused on your care and medical treatments. It also lets your agent speak with your health insurance company, obtain access to medical records and discuss your care with healthcare providers.

 

Last Will and Testament. This document isn’t just for people with homes, families, and retirement accounts. Young people have property too—your car, your personal possessions, and whatever financial resources you may have accumulated. If you have a will, you can direct who you want to receive what you own. Without one, the court will decide who gets your possessions and your family won’t have any say about it. With a will, you can determine who receives your property, including your digital assets. You’ll also name an executor in the will—the person who is in charge of distributing your property. An estate planning attorney will create a document to comply with your state’s laws. It doesn’t have to be a complicated document, but it is a good way to ensure your loved ones know your wishes.

 

Retirement Accounts and Beneficiaries. These accounts may not be as robust as they will be later in your life. However, they are still yours. Make sure that you have named beneficiaries who you want to receive them if you die. Singles may name a sibling, parents, partner, or another family member to receive these assets.

 

Digital Assets. A digital life means you need a digital estate plan. Creating an inventory list of all of your digital accounts, usernames and passwords. If an account has two-factor authentication, indicate how another person might gain access to the account. Don’t include any of this information in your will, as it becomes a public document after being submitted to the court for probate. Tell a trusted family member where the inventory is located. If you own cryptocurrency, research how crypto assets are passed if the original owner dies.

 

Guardianship. Your will is used to name a guardian for minor children. Without it, the court will appoint a guardian, and it may not be the family member you wish it would be.

 

Don’t Forget Your Furry Friends. You can add a pet guardianship clause to a will to ensure that your pet stays with a trusted friend or family member who has agreed to care for your pet. You can also set up a pet trust to set aside funds for your pet’s care, including food, veterinary visits, toys, training and treats.

 

Reference: Kiplinger (Aug. 22, 2022) “You’re Not Too Young for an Estate Plan: 7 Essentials for Your 20s and 30s”

Has the Pandemic Made People More Aware of Estate Planning?

 

The COVID-19 pandemic has led many more Americans to pay attention to estate planning, but just a third of them have taken action, according to a recent report.

Financial Advisor IQ’s recent article entitled “More Americans Set Up Estate Plans Since Start of Pandemic” reports that more than 50% of Americans think estate planning is at least somewhat important, senior living referral service Caring.com found in a survey of more than 2,600 American adults. Caring.com didn't disclose when the survey was conducted.

The number of those aged 18 to 34 with estate planning documents has increased 50% since the beginning of the pandemic, according to the survey. Americans who’ve suffered through a serious COVID case are also 66% more likely to have a will than those who haven’t, Caring.com found.
Roughly 48% who have had a serious case have estate planning in place, as do 41% of those who have loved ones who had one. That’s compared to 29% who have no experience with a serious COVID -19 case, according to the survey.

Overall, two out of three American adults don’t have a will — the percentage has only inched up from 32.1% in 2020 to 32.9% in 2021 to 33.1% this year.

More than 60% of those without a will have done nothing toward getting a will or any estate planning document, according to the survey.

The most cited reason for not having a will is simply not getting around to it. That’s cited by 40% of all Americans without one.

That’s particularly prevalent among those earning $80,000 a year or more and without a will, 63% of whom say they haven’t had time to do so, as well as those with postgraduate education, two out of three of whom say they haven’t got around to it, according to the survey.

On the other hand, 48% of those earning $80,000 or more say they do have a will or another estate planning document.

That represents a 7% increase since 2020, Caring.com says.

However, a third (33%) of Americans overall say they don’t have an estate plan because they don’t have enough to leave behind, according to the survey.

Meanwhile, 12% say they don’t know how to get a will or living trust, and about 13% believe it’s too expensive to set up. Another 6% think it takes too long, and 9% say they don’t have anyone to leave their assets to, Caring.com found.

Reference: Financial Advisor IQ (April 25, 2022) “More Americans Set Up Estate Plans Since Start of Pandemic”

What Should I Leave Out of My Will?

 

Let’s look at what shouldn’t be in a will, according to Best Life’s recent article titled “Never Include These 2 Things in Your Will, Experts Warn.”
1. Never include a conditional gift in your will. A conditional gift is when money or property is given only when and if a specific event takes place. For instance, grandpa might leave a conditional gift for his grandchild, if she graduates college or gets married. These provisions are often drafted in the hopes of encouraging or discouraging certain behaviors and have a tendency to get messy.
Even the seemingly basic condition of graduating from college can turn into a major issue, if the beneficiary decides to pursue the trades or accelerates in college and is offered an excellent job before earning her degree.
Similar obstacles—and, frequently, creative workarounds from beneficiaries who want to unlock their inheritance—will also be encountered with other conditional gifts. However, there are still ways to achieve the spirit of the conditional gift without it getting complicated. Instead, give the bequest outright without any conditions but include the encouragement that the beneficiary does something specific.
Another option is to hold the gift in a trust for a beneficiary. With a trust you can designate a trustee to be in control of the assets in the trusty after your death. The trustee will have discretion as to the timing and amount of distributions. You can also detail how narrow or broad that discretion should be.
2. Be careful with dollar amount bequests. The second thing you should never include in your will is a dollar amount bequest.
While this might seem common, it's not recommended. This also has the potential to create major conflict within a family.
A better option is to use percentages. In this way, your estate will self-correct for size and each beneficiary will get their proper share.
Every will is specific to the person who creates it. In order to ensure that yours is done properly, meet with an experienced estate planning attorney to create a will that benefits you and your loved ones—without any unexpected problems.
Reference: Best Life (March 20, 2022) “Never Include These 2 Things in Your Will, Experts Warn”

How Do I Talk to My Parents About Estate Planning?

 

Failing to draft an estate plan can mean a pair of obstacles when a parent dies. First, it can leave you scrambling to unravel their financial picture while trying to grieve. Second, it can be expensive.
MarketWatch’s recent article entitled “It’s easy to put it off, but here’s why you should talk to your parents about estate planning, and how to start the conversation” says that a wise way to avoid both scenarios is to begin talking with your parents about estate planning. While this can sound like a job just for the uber-rich, it is really an essential process that ensures clear directives exist for all sorts of situations that accompany the end of life.
An estate plan is a chance to set mindful intentions about life’s inevitabilities. It is, therefore, a great idea to ask your parents to take account of their assets and belongings. This is not just about the numbers and paperwork—it is a chance to gauge preparedness.
Start by asking your parent(s) the following:
Who do you want as your primary caregiver?
How will we pay for health care expenses?
What are your medical care preferences?
Which of us should make medical decisions on your behalf?
How should we handle your property when you die?
Do you have any valuable items that you want to be handled in a special way?
Where are your most important documents and do we have access to all of your digital records?
Inheritance often require probate. However, if the right legal documents are in place, it can be a relatively quick and painless process. When someone dies intestate (without a will), it can sticky and get tricky. Understand that the state has its own rules for dying without a will. Depending on the situation, you might need to hire a probate attorney because there will be legal proceedings. Therefore, make certain that your parents have a will and that beneficiaries are clearly stated in all policies and documents. It is a preventative measure that can pay dividends.
Remember that when wealth is transferred (or assets are passed from one person to another), taxes are often inevitable. Work with an experienced estate planning attorney to minimize liability.
Reference: MarketWatch (Dec. 29, 2021) “It’s easy to put it off, but here’s why you should talk to your parents about estate planning, and how to start the conversation”

What are My Responsibilities if I’m Named an Executor?

 

An executor is the person who helps finalize the finances and assets for a deceased person. As executor of an estate, you will need to get copies of the death certificate, notify authorities, such as Social Security, to stop benefits and may be involved in arranging the funeral.
You will also need to follow the instructions in the will to administer the estate.
You will organize the assets, pay off any debts, close accounts like utilities and cable or phone plans and distribute money and possessions to beneficiaries.
US News’ recent article entitled “How to Prepare to Be an Executor of an Estate” takes a look at the responsibilities of an executor.
If are asked and accept the position, start by finding the important documents, like the will. As executor, you are acting in a fiduciary capacity, and your efforts are directed toward the interests of the beneficiaries of the decedent’s the estate.
The time required to be an executor can be extensive. If you are asked to be the executor before the person passes away, ask to locate the original will. Read it and make certain that you understand it.
There are also requirements that must be met to be an executor of an estate. Anyone convicted of a felony is not allowed to be an executor, even if they are named in the decedent’s will. The exact rules vary, depending on the state, so ask an estate planning attorney.
After the death, it typically takes at least six months or more to carry out all the administrative work related to the estate. Therefore, if you do not have the time, do not agree to serve as executor.
Finally, executors may be compensated for their work. Some states have commission schedules listed in their statutes that the executor can collect, while other states require that you keep track of your time and the judge will authorize “reasonable” compensation for your actual efforts.
Ask for help if tasks seem overwhelming or you do not understand certain instructions on accounts or the will. An experienced estate planning attorney can assist.
Reference: US News (Dec. 22, 2021) “How to Prepare to Be an Executor of an Estate”

Is Estate Planning Really That Important?

Over 50% of our adult population (120 million adults) neither have nor realize the significance of having an up-to-date estate plan to protect themselves and their family’s assets.
Mountain Times’ recent article entitled “Do you need an estate plan?” explains that estate and gift planning is a process that can protect you and your family. It is a very important component of your overall financial planning. This is the perfect time to put your estate planning in order. If you don’t have an up-to-date estate plan and you are seriously ill or injured and can’t manage your financial affairs, a judge will have to appoint someone to manage them for you. The person they appoint might not be the one you would want to perform those tasks.
Without an estate plan, when you pass, your affairs will be settled by the probate laws of the state. As a result, the handling of your affairs can be costly and frustrating for your family.
Your assets may also not pass to your desired beneficiaries. In addition, there’s no way for your assets to be donated to your favorite charities or causes, unless some advance arrangements are made.
Sit down with an experienced estate planning attorney to discuss your goals and objectives. Your attorney can then draft the appropriate legal documents, such as wills, trusts, buy-sell agreements for business owners, durable powers of attorney for financial management and an advance healthcare directive or health-care power of attorney. These documents will help your family at a very difficult and emotional time.
Regardless of the extent of your net worth, estate planning is important for everyone.
Complex strategies may be used by wealthy people to reduce death taxes and costs. However, everyone needs a will and/or trust to pass on property to their heirs and provide for minor children.
An estate plan is an essential part of your financial and gift planning.
The time to create or update your estate plan is now with the help of an experienced estate planning attorney.
Reference: Mountain Times (Oct. 6, 2021) “Do you need an estate plan?”

What Is Probate?

WTOP’s recent article entitled “Everything You Need to Know About Probate” explains that probate is the court-supervised proceeding, in which the assets of the decedent are distributed to his or her heirs. This involves validating the decedent’s will, distributing assets and ensuring that the debts of the estate are paid.
Probate is how assets formally pass from one person who passed away to their heirs or beneficiaries. Probate can be long and complex or pretty efficient. Each state has its own probate code, and some have a small estate probate process for estates that are under a certain threshold. The administration of the estate involves the executor or personal representative, beneficiaries, creditors and a probate judge.
The probate process is required by state law to manage the decedent’s assets and property that aren’t transferred by contract law, state titling law, or trust law. As a result, any assets or property awarded in a last will or assets owned by an individual who dies without a will may require probate.
Property that passes through probate includes assets and property awarded to heirs through a will, such as household goods, automobiles and personal property owned at death but not awarded in the will and not otherwise transferred.
If a person dies intestate or without a valid will, the disposition of their probate property will be controlled by the laws of intestacy of the state where the decedent resided at death. Probate property is all property that was held individually and that does not have a beneficiary designation.
Each state has its own probate process. However, the first step in probate generally is to produce a will. A probate attorney can determine if all of the heirs will consent to have it probated. If there’s not going to be any objection, the attorney can prepare the probate documents and have the waivers signed by the distributees. Once they sign and notarize the consent, the attorney can take the will with the probate documents and have it filed.
After a will is deemed valid, the executor of the estate and the attorney will file certain documentation with the court. This might include the will, a certified copy of the death certificate, a list of names and addresses of the decedent’s heirs and any known creditors. Creditors will be paid first, then the remaining assets are distributed to the heirs. After any required tax returns are filed, the executor will ask the court to close the estate.
Reference: WTOP (Aug. 31, 20211) “Everything You Need to Know About Probate”

Where Do You Score on Estate Planning Checklist?

 

Make sure that you review your estate plan at least once every few years to be certain that all the information is accurate and updated. It’s even more necessary if you experienced a significant change, such as marriage, divorce, children, a move, or a new child or grandchild. If laws have changed, or if your wishes have changed and you need to make substantial changes to the documents, you should visit an experienced estate planning attorney.
Kiplinger’s recent article “2021 Estate Planning Checkup: Is Your Estate Plan Up to Date?” gives us a few things to keep in mind when updating your estate plan:
Moving to Another State. Note that if you’ve recently moved to a new state, the estate laws vary in different states. Therefore, it’s wise to review your estate plan to make sure it complies with local laws and regulations.
Changes in Probate or Tax Laws. Review your estate plan with an experienced estate planning attorney to see if it’s been impacted by changes to any state or federal laws.
Powers of Attorney. A power of attorney is a document in which you authorize an agent to act on your behalf to make business, personal, legal, or financial decisions, if you become incapacitated. It must be accurate and up to date. You should also review and update your health care power of attorney. Make your wishes clear about do-not-resuscitate (DNR) provisions and tell your health care providers about your decisions. It is also important to affirm any clearly expressed wishes as to your end-of-life treatment options.
A Will. Review the details of your will, including your executor, the allocation of your estate and the potential estate tax burden. If you have minor children, you should also designate guardians for them.
Trusts. If you have a revocable living trust, look at the trustee and successor appointments. You should also check your estate and inheritance tax burden with an estate planning attorney. If you have an irrevocable trust, confirm that the trustee properly carries out the trustee duties like administration, management and annual tax returns.
Gifting Opportunities. The laws concerning gifts can change over time, so you should review any gifts and update them accordingly. You may also want to change specific gifts or recipients.
Regularly updating your estate plan can help you to avoid simple estate planning mistakes. You can also ensure that your estate plan is entirely up to date and in compliance with any state and federal laws.
Reference: Kiplinger (July 28, 2021) “2021 Estate Planning Checkup: Is Your Estate Plan Up to Date?”

What’s an Enhanced Life Estate?

First Coast News’ recent article entitled “Deed named for former first lady could be key to planning your estate” explains that a strategy that’s available in Florida and a few other states is called an enhanced life estate or a “Lady Bird” deed, named after former First Lady, Lady Bird Johnson.
This deed states that when I die, you get the property, but until then, I reserve all rights to do whatever I want with it. That contrasts with a traditional life estate where a property owner can plan for one or more others to inherit their house.
Typically, the person with a life estate has a lot less control over what happens in the future, including potentially being thwarted by the very person you’re tapping to receive your property at your death, in case you decide you no longer want the house while you’re still alive.
The problem is, now you want to sell the property, but since they are a co-owner, they can refuse. And there’s nothing you can do about it.
Enhanced life estates are also about protecting property and its eventual recipient from creditors after the death of the owner. That’s the benefit of avoiding probate. Medicaid or any other creditor may become a creditor in probate.
A Lady Bird deed supersedes a will.
But there are downsides to the Lady Bird deed. A big drawback is if you change your mind. You have to now record another deed in the public record to remove that, and every deed that you record creates one thing that could go wrong.
However, this can be true of any change made in hope of overriding an earlier estate decision, and Lady Bird deeds are fairly straightforward.
Ask an experienced estate planning attorney if this type of arrangement is available in your state.
Reference: First Coast News (July 19, 2021) “Deed named for former first lady could be key to planning your estate”

What Key Estate Planning Terms Should I Know?

Estate planning can help you accomplish several objectives, including naming guardians for minor children, choosing healthcare agents to make decisions for you should you become ill, minimizing taxes so you can give more wealth to your heirs and saying how and to whom you would like to pass your estate at death.

Emmett Messenger Index’s recent article entitled “13 Estate Planning Terms You Need to Know” provides some important terms to understand as you consider your own estate plan.

Assets: This is anything a person owns. It can include a home and other real estate, bank accounts, life insurance, investments, furniture, jewelry, collectibles, art, and clothing.

Beneficiary: This is an individual or entity (like a charity) that gets a beneficial interest in an asset, such as an estate, trust, account, or insurance policy.

Distribution: A payment in cash or asset(s) to the beneficiary who’s designated to receive it.

Estate: All of the assets and debts left by a person at death.

Fiduciary: An individual with a legal obligation or duty to act primarily for another person’s benefit, such as a trustee or agent under a power of attorney.

Funding: The process of transferring or retitling assets to a trust. Note that a living trust will only avoid probate at the trustmaker’s death if it’s fully funded. A trustmaker also may be known as a grantor, settlor, or trustor.

Incapacitated or Incompetent: The situation when a person is unable to manage her own affairs, either temporarily or permanently, and often involves a lack of mental capacity.

Inheritance: These are assets received from someone who has died.

Probate: This is the orderly court-supervised process of distributing the assets of a person who has died.

Trust: This is a fiduciary relationship where a trustmaker gives a trustee the right to hold property or assets for the benefit of another party, known as the beneficiary. The trust is a written trust agreement that directs how the trust assets will be distributed to the beneficiary.

Will: A written document with directions for disposing of a person’s assets after their death. A will is enforced by a probate court. A will can provide for the nomination of a guardian for minor children.

Reference: Emmett Messenger Index (Oct. 28, 2020) “13 Estate Planning Terms You Need to Know”

What Trusts are Available for Estate Planning?

A trust is a legal agreement that has at least three parties. The same person(a) can be in more than one of these roles at the same time. The terms of the trust usually are embodied in a legal document called a trust agreement. Forbes’s recent article entitled “Here’s What You Need To Know About The Most-Popular Estate Planning Trusts” explains that the first party is the person who creates the trust, known as a trustor, grantor, settlor, or creator.
The trustee is the second party to the agreement. This person has legal title to the property in the trust and manages the property, according to the instructions in the trust and state law. The third party is the beneficiary who benefits from the trust. There can be multiple beneficiaries at the same time, and there also can be different beneficiaries over time.
The trustee is a fiduciary who must manage the trust property only for the interests of the beneficiaries and consistent with the trust agreement and the law. Although a trust is created when the trust agreement is signed and executed, it isn’t really operational until it’s funded by transferring property to it.
A living trust, also called an inter vivos trust, is a trust that’s created during the trustor’s lifetime. A testamentary trust is created in the trustor’s last will and testament. A trust can be revocable, which means that the trustor can revoke it or modify the terms at any time. An irrevocable trust can’t be changed or revoked.
Assets that are owned by a trust avoid the cost, delay and publicity of probate. However, there are no tax benefits to a revocable living trust. The settlors-trustees are taxed as though they still own the assets. The trust assets are also included in their estates under the federal estate tax.
An irrevocable trust typically is created to reduce income and/or estate taxes. This type of trust can also protect assets from creditors. When assets are transferred to an irrevocable trust, the income and gains are taxed to the trust when they are retained by the trust and taxed to the beneficiaries when distributed to them.
Under the federal estate tax and most state estate taxes, assets that are retitled to an irrevocable trust aren’t part of the grantor’s estate. Transfers to the trust are gifts to the beneficiaries. The grantor’s gift tax annual exclusion and lifetime exemption can be used to avoid gift taxes, until gifts exceed the exclusion and exemption limit.
A grantor trust is an income tax term that describes a trust where the grantor is taxed on the income. That’s because he or she retained rights to or benefits of the property. The revocable living trust is an example of a grantor trust.
A trust can be discretionary or nondiscretionary. A trustee of a discretionary trust has the power to make or withhold distributions to beneficiaries as the trustee deems appropriate or in their best interests. In a nondiscretionary trust, the trustee makes distributions according to the directions in the trust agreement.
Another type of trust is a spendthrift trust. This is an irrevocable trust that can be either living or testamentary. The key term restricts limits the beneficiary’s access to the trust principal, and the beneficiary and the beneficiary’s creditors can’t force distributions. The spendthrift provision is used when the settlor is worried that a beneficiary might waste the money or have trouble with creditors. Many states permit spendthrift trusts, but some limit the amount of principal that can be protected, and some do not recognize spendthrift provisions.
Finally, a special needs trust can be used to provide for a person who needs assistance for life. In many cases, it’s a child or sibling of the trust settlor. It can be either living or testamentary. Critical to a special needs trust is it has provisions that make certain the beneficiary can receive financial support from the trust, without being disqualified from federal and state support programs for those with special needs.
For more about trusts and how one may fit into your estate planning, contact an experienced estate planning attorney.
Reference: Forbes (Oct. 26, 2020) “Here’s What You Need To Know About The Most-Popular Estate Planning Trusts”

Do I Need to Name a Guardian for My Children in the Will?

Many young couples with children and bills to pay may look at you askance, when asked about estate planning and say, “what estate?”
However, a critical part of having a will—one frequently overlooked—is naming a guardian. If you don’t name a guardian, it could result in issues for your children after your death. Your child might even be placed in a foster home.
For a young family, designating a guardian is another good reason to draft a will. If you and your spouse die together with no guardian specified in a will, the guardian will be chosen by the court.
In a worst-case scenario, if you have no close family or no one in your family who can take your child, the court will send them to foster care, until a permanent guardian can be named.
The judge will collect as much information as possible about your children and family circumstances to make a good decision.
However, the judge won’t have any intimate knowledge of who you know or which of your relatives would be good guardians. This could result in a choice of one of the last people you might pick to take care of your child.
Try to find common ground, by agreeing to a set of criteria you want in a guardian. This could include the following:
The potential guardian’s willingness to be a guardian
The potential guardian’s financial situation
Where the child might live with that person
The potential guardian’s values, religion, or political beliefs
The potential guardian’s parenting skills; and
The potential guardian’s age and health.
Next, make a decision, get the chosen guardian’s consent, write it all down, and then set out to create a will.
Ask an experienced estate planning attorney to help you do it correctly.
Reference: Lifehacker (Oct. 27, 2020) “Why You Should Name a Guardian for Your Kids Right Away”

What Does an Estate Planning Attorney Actually Do?

It’s critical to understand what will happen to your estate after your death. That’s where the help of an experienced estate planning attorney comes in, says VENTS Magazine’s recent article entitled “What Does an Estate Lawyer Do Exactly?”

An experienced estate planning attorney is a legal professional, upon whom you can rely to help protect your estate after your death or in the event that you become incapacitated.

He or she will make certain that your assets and property are handled correctly.

In addition to assisting you with your estate, an estate planning attorney can help handle any family members trying to get involved in your legal affairs.

It may be difficult to please everyone when creating your will. Having an estate planning attorney will help you make the best decisions, when it comes to distributing your wealth.

Estate planning is critical—especially if you’re older, experiencing chronic illness, or just want to be smart about protecting your assets.

As we grow older, we can accumulate a long list of stressful issues and responsibilities. You may worry that your estate will be gobbled up by creditors once you pass away, or that your children will fail to distribute your assets as you intended.

Much of this stress is eliminated with the guidance and counsel of an experienced estate planning attorney. Having an estate plan allows you to enjoy a better quality of life, once you’re older. You won’t have to live every day with worry or stress about the future after you’re gone.

An experienced estate planning attorney is a valuable resource for your family, in the event someone tries to contest the will after your death.

Estate planning attorneys also aid in distributing the wealth, protecting your property from creditors and lowering estate taxes.

Reference: VENTS Magazine (Sep. 28, 2020) “What Does an Estate Lawyer Do Exactly?”

Any Guess What The Top Mistake Is In Estate Planning?

The recent MarketWatch article, titled “Don’t make the No. 1 estate-planning goof,” outlines several reasons for updating your beneficiary designations. Here are a few: • A change of jobs. A job change can mean that you will need to roll over your retirement plan. If this happens, beware! Moving money from your former employer’s retirement plan into your new one or into an IRA could eliminate your beneficiaries’ claims to those assets. You should make sure you have them as beneficiaries on the new account, too. • Your primary beneficiary died. If this happens, it is a 100% no-brainer that you need to change your designation and speak with your estate planning attorney regarding any changes required in your estate plan as a result. • A change of ownership at your financial institution. This is not as uncommon as it used to be: banks and other financial institutions merge on a regular basis. When they do, they have been known to drop the ball when it comes to the beneficiary designations of older accounts. • A new child or grandchild. Do not designate a minor. If you do, a conservatorship will be set up by the state to protect the assets until the child reaches the age of majority. In this instance, a trust is the way to go for his or her benefit (with the trust as the beneficiary), so that the child can inherit your financial assets, and you will control the terms under which he or she can gain access to the funds. This is tricky business, however, and you need to work closely with your estate planning attorney to avoid potential tax pitfalls. • A beneficiary became disabled. This situation means you should change the designation or be in jeopardy of canceling his or her eligibility for Social Security’s Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits. Ask your estate planning attorney to create a Special Needs Trust for the disabled person's benefit and make the trust the beneficiary on your accounts. The original article discusses several other situations when it is a good idea to update your beneficiaries. After reading the full article, consider contacting your estate planning attorney with any questions.

Reference: MarketWatch, Jan. 23, 2014: "Don’t make the No. 1 estate-planning goof"

For more information, see www.jerryreiflawyer.com

Are You Afraid To Speak Of Estate Planning?

Remarkably, a recent New York Times article, titled "What’s Almost as Certain as Death? Not Talking About the Inheritance," noted that it is easier to have a will (83% do) than it is to discuss the will with your children (only half). It is even more difficult to give them details about those assets (34%). Regardless their levels of financial wealth, those surveyed were equally deficient when it comes to discussing estate plans with their children. Roughly 55% of people with more than $1 million talk to their children about an inheritance, and 53% of people with fewer than $1 million did. As you might expect, the majority of parents want the transfer of money to their children to go smoothly (84%) without creating bad feelings among siblings (66%). Why are there so many people failing to take time to let their kids know about this important subject? According to the original article, people usually do not want to discuss inheritance with their children for several reasons. • They do not want to talk about dying; • They do not want to discuss money with their children; • They do not want their children to know how much they are going to receive; and • They are concerned about their children's financial acumen. However, there is an even greater issue making the conversation about inheritance more troublesome than it was in prior generations. For example, the article describes how one 65-year-old disclosed everything to her executor, even though she was divorced without children or siblings. She learned from her experience with her mother's estate, which took the women almost two years to settle — despite the fact that it was a modest estate, and her mother had told her where everything was. Likewise, when her stepfather died many years earlier, he left everything to her mother. However, after he died, title to none of the assets had been updated. Consequently, she had to go to court three times to get it done, run an ad in the newspaper and take copies of the will to the bank to get the investments straightened out. This certainly was not what she expected. Let your children know what to expect regarding their inheritance and your other estate plans. Speak with your estate planning attorney to make sure everything is in order, and then get the family together and have that conversation.

Reference: The New York Times (August 1, 2014) "What’s Almost as Certain as Death? Not Talking About the Inheritance"

For more information, see www.jerryreiflawyer.com

 

Estate Planning for Singles and Those Without Children

The website dailycall.com recently posted an article, titled "Aging and estate planning for singles and couples without children," to help get you thinking about what you need to do to be well-prepared for the future. Here are some of the ideas suggested: • Choose your advocates wisely. Select individuals you can trust. This could be a friend, family member, or a trustee — just make sure everyone knows and will support your wishes. Select some younger people as alternates, if the people you ask are about your same age, in the event someone is not able to perform his or her responsibilities. • Determine your asset distribution. A will is an easy way to put your intentions for your assets in writing and into a binding legal document. Your estate planning attorney is well-equipped to help you draw up a will that states how and to whom you want your assets distributed. If you do not have a will, your estate may be probated according to the statutes of your state. This may or may not be what you intended for your assets. • Create a gifting plan. Another part of your estate plan can include strategies for giving monetary gifts before or after your passing. Currently, you can give up to $14,000 per person to an unlimited number of individuals without gift tax consequences. Another idea is to pay college tuition for others without gift tax liability and without using any of the annual or lifetime gift tax exclusions (provided payment is made directly to the institution). The original article includes additional helpful ideas, and your estate planning attorney can create a plan that works for you.

  For more information, see www.jerryreiflawyer.com

 

 

What's The Best Way To Leave An Inheritance For My Children?

Last year, AARP included an article in its materials titled, "How to Leave an Inheritance to Your Kids." Among other things, the article provides several tips on how to properly set up your estate plan to leave an inheritance to your children. One tip is to manage expectations. Talk to your children so they will have a better understanding of your assets and what they may expect as their inheritance from them. Another tip is to treat all of the children equally. This will reduce cause for arguments and hurt feelings. This equal treatment should also include sharing responsibilities when it comes to settling your affairs, not just the division of assets. If, however, you decide to split your assets in some manner other than equal shares, take the time to explain your reasoning. AARP also suggests creating a trust if you are concerned with how a child will use the inheritance. A trust will allow you to control the disbursement of the assets and place contingencies or strings on the gift. This can include reaching a certain age or using the money for education. However, the experts quoted in the article warn against creating an “incentive trust,” which makes distributions based on accomplishing a specific goal. While you want your child to have the inheritance and use the money wisely, issues can arise if he or she does not go to college. For example, what if becoming a hair stylist is their chosen career path? Things happen to all of us, and there is no way to predict the exact events that will impact your child's life. Keep it simple and work with your estate planning attorney to craft your estate plan so you are leaving your inheritance to your children in an effective and sound manner.

Reference: AARP (April 24, 2013) "How to Leave an Inheritance to Your Kids"

For more information, see www.jerryreiflawyer.com

Why Do We Know So Much About Lou Reed's Estate?

When most people die there is not much interest in the details of their estates. However, when a celebrity passes away, reporters are keen to find out how much money the celebrity had and how it will be distributed. Recently, the New York Post has had story after story about the specific details of Lou Reed's estate plan. We know how much he had when he passed away. We know how much money his intellectual property interests have earned for his estate since he passed away. We also know how much money each of Reed's heirs will receive. The New York Post is not getting this information because their reporters are doing investigative journalism and figuring it out. As Forbes points out, in an article titled “Lou Reed Walked on the Wild Side With His Estate Planning,” we know what we know about Lou Reed's estate because his entire estate plan consisted of a single will. That will had to be submitted to a public probate process, which allows reporters to gain access to the details. If Reed had used a different estate planning tool, such as a Revocable Living Trust, it would be much more difficult for reporters to find out the details. You might not care whether your estate is made public after you pass away, since you will not be around to deal with any consequences. However, you should consider whether your heirs would want other people to know exactly how much they inherited. It might violate their privacy.

Reference: Forbes (July 10, 2014)  “Lou Reed Walked on the Wild Side With His Estate Planning”

For m ore information, see www.jerryreiflawyer.com

Heirs vs. Wills: Avoid Conflict With A No-Contest Clause

When you draft a will you are drafting an estate plan for your assets, your intentions, and your hopes and dreams for your loved ones. You do not undertake the process of creating your will lightly and you follow through because it is important. Because your estate plan is important, it is worth protecting it from attack after you are gone. Consider a common predicament: you are drafting a will and know that if it is challenged by a spurned heir or for anyone for any reason, it will end up potentially ruined on the shoals of probate for all to see. What can you do? This is a common predicament. Fortunately, a well-drafted will in many states can include a powerful tool such as a No-Contest Clause. Recently, ElderLawAnswers considered this approach in an “answer” titled “Using a No-Contest Clause to Prevent Heirs from Challenging a Will or Trust.” Essentially, this clause means that any heir who challenges the will in question is immediately disqualified from any inheritance from it. The clause is most effective when a would-be challenger is set to receive something under the will. Consequently, this party is forced into a cost-benefit analysis regarding his or her contemplated challenge. Like anything legal, however, the clause must be carefully conceived and deployed to work as intended. As a rule of thumb, there are always more powerful estate planning tools available if you need them. Nevertheless, for most people planning their estates, a well-drafted will is the heart of those plans. Be sure that your will does the work it needs to do.

Reference: ElderLawAnswers (February 25, 2014) “Using a No-Contest Clause to Prevent Heirs from Challenging a Will or Trust”

For more information, see www.jerryreiflawyer.com

 

Challenges When Selling The Inherited Family Home Mid-Michigan

Selling a home is never an easy process. Even if it moves on the real estate market, there is still the fact of moving itself. What about when it is not your home at all? What if it is the home of your parents, and perhaps your sole inheritance, with or without siblings? In that case selling the house can be rather difficult indeed, practically, financially, legally, and yes, emotionally. When it comes to selling an inherited home, there are some complications to ride out and with which you must deal. For guidance, consider reading are recent MarketWatch article titled “How to sell an inherited home.” Get past the practical facts of getting to the home (maybe you live states away) and moving out all of the possessions or figuring out what to do with them. Get past the emotional problems, too. How do you even go about selling it? Can the property move on the market to begin with or, alternatively, is there a better market for a rental and can you manage it? Who owns it exactly and, especially if it is in probate, when will those who will own it actually own it? Are there any liens on the property or a mortgage that may or may not be underwater? The simple truth for some families is that it may be best not to inherit the house at all and to let it go into foreclosure. Are there creditors in line to receive from the estate? If yes, then you cannot take ownership from the estate until bankruptcy proceedings have finalized. A few of these issues are drawn out in the article and worth the general advice offered. In the end, inheriting and selling the family home can be the uncomfortable intersection of estate law, tax law and real estate law. Without a plan, a family can find themselves in a mess. Without competent counsel, they may have trouble getting back up and away from the problems. If you are planning your estate, real estate -- especially your home -- is an essential component that may be overlooked to the peril of your loved ones later if not properly addressed from all angles now.

Reference: MarketWatch (January 13, 2014) “How to sell an inherited home”

For more information, see www.jerryreiflawyer.com

When Wills Don’t Work (And Sometimes Why) Mid-Michigan

So your Will is just that, your Last Will and Testament. After all, this is the legal document to set it all down and get it all straight, right? Wrong.

The key to the disposition of your estate is how your assets are “titled” and how the beneficiaries are designated.

In fact, none other than the The Wall Street Journal considered this subject in a recent article titled “A Will Is Not Always the Last Word.”

Essentially, your Will is a powerful piece of legal documentation. It is oftentimes the centerpiece of an estate plan and the north star of a probate proceeding. However, for many Americans, their estate planning is a hodge podge of formal legal planning (e.g., a Last Will and Testament) and more informal planning (e.g., beneficiary designations on retirement funds or other assets outside of a Last Will).

Assets that pass “outside” of the control of a Last Will are not subject to the controls you establish in your Last Will. For example, if one of your heirs is given to “substance abuse,” then the direct, outright distributions from your retirement funds or life insurance will pass directly into his or her hands, for better or for worse.

As the original article notes and common sense validates, the careful coordination of your estate planning legal documents (i.e., Last Will and Testament, Revocable Living Trust, etc.) and the titling/beneficiary designations of your assets is fundamental to the success of your estate distribution objectives.

Reference: The Wall Street Journal (November 10, 2013) “A Will Is Not Always the Last Word”

For more information, see www.jerryreiflawyer.com

Teaching Points From The Estate Of A Soprano Saginaw, MI

As you may have heard, TV star and man of not inconsiderable wealth, James Gandolfini, recently and suddenly passed away. He left behind both shock at his passing and shock at the state of his estate. Indeed, few estate plans in recent years, celebrity or otherwise, have received such biting criticism as that of Mr. Gandolfini. What happened? More to the point, what should have been done? The reviews of Gandolfini’s estate planning have captured as much airtime as the unfortunate news of his passing. In turn, this has prompted more than a few editorials and guides arm-chair-quarterbacking his estate plan (or lack thereof). Consider, for example, practical articles like Learning From Gandolfini's Estate Plan 'Disaster'” from Financial Adviser or “6 Estate Planning Lessons From James Gandolfini's Will” from Forbes. Why all of the attention? Aside from the celebrity value, there is the sheer amount of taxation accidentally and disastrously wrought through various ill-conceived gifts. To put it in numbers, the estate tax bill is estimated to be at nearly $30 million, which is hard to believe since his entire estate is “only” $70 million. Is that the full story? According to fleeting words from Gandolfini’s estate planner as reported in The New York Times article titled “A Public Debate Over the Wisdom of Gandolfini’s Will,” there may be more in play. All the same, there are few estates that so vividly portray the values (and value) of estate planning, either in the form of taxes saved or in simple terms of privacy. A fact lost on no commentator is that the Gandolfini estate entered probate, baring the will and the whole process to the prying eyes and opinions of the world.

Reference: The New York Times (July 19, 2013) “A Public Debate Over the Wisdom of Gandolfini’s Will”

Financial Adviser (July 19, 2013) “Learning From Gandolfini's Estate Plan 'Disaster'”

Forbes (July 20, 2013) “6 Estate Planning Lessons From James Gandolfini's Will

For more information, see www.jerryreiflawyer.com

 

When PODs Go BAD Saginaw, MI

Things that appear simple can be complex. So it is in life, and so it is in estate planning. For example: the simple “payable on death” account. Forbes recently featured this subject in an article titled “When Payable On Death Accounts Backfire.” The promise of a “payable on death” account cannot be undersold. Funds subject to such an arrangement escape probate and transfer straight to the named beneficiaries. No muss, no fuss. On the other hand, whenever an asset passes “outside” of your estate by avoiding probate, it may not be in sync with your overall estate plan. This is true when you really intend for all of your heirs to share in your estate equally. If you have any accounts “payable on death” to just one of your heirs, then he or she will receive more of your estate than intended. Perhaps you want a particular account “payable” to the heir who also will be your executor. Your thinking is that such a move will enable them to have ready cash for funeral and other final expenses when needed. To avoid misunderstandings and hard feelings, make your intentions clear in your estate planning legal documents. For example, you could provide that any proceeds left after your funeral and final expenses will become part of the inheritance for that heir with an adjustment made to equalize the shares of the other heirs under your estate plan. In short, “payable on death” accounts and other direct methods to designate beneficiaries outside of your estate planning documents can be incredibly useful when used correctly. Unfortunately, it can also be downright counterproductive if they are not properly taken into account.

Reference: Forbes (August 9, 2013) “When Payable On Death Accounts Backfire”

For more informaiton, see www.jerryreiflawyer.com

 

 

Teaching Points From The Estate Of A Soprano Mid-Michigan

As you may have heard, TV star and man of not inconsiderable wealth, James Gandolfini, recently and suddenly passed away. He left behind both shock at his passing and shock at the state of his estate. Indeed, few estate plans in recent years, celebrity or otherwise, have received such biting criticism as that of Mr. Gandolfini. What happened? More to the point, what should have been done? The reviews of Gandolfini’s estate planning have captured as much airtime as the unfortunate news of his passing. In turn, this has prompted more than a few editorials and guides arm-chair-quarterbacking his estate plan (or lack thereof). Consider, for example, practical articles like Learning From Gandolfini's Estate Plan 'Disaster'” from Financial Adviser or “6 Estate Planning Lessons From James Gandolfini's Will” from Forbes. Why all of the attention? Aside from the celebrity value, there is the sheer amount of taxation accidentally and disastrously wrought through various ill-conceived gifts. To put it in numbers, the estate tax bill is estimated to be at nearly $30 million, which is hard to believe since his entire estate is “only” $70 million. Is that the full story? According to fleeting words from Gandolfini’s estate planner as reported in The New York Times article titled “A Public Debate Over the Wisdom of Gandolfini’s Will,” there may be more in play. All the same, there are few estates that so vividly portray the values (and value) of estate planning, either in the form of taxes saved or in simple terms of privacy. A fact lost on no commentator is that the Gandolfini estate entered probate, baring the will and the whole process to the prying eyes and opinions of the world.

Reference: The New York Times (July 19, 2013) “A Public Debate Over the Wisdom of Gandolfini’s Will”

Financial Adviser (July 19, 2013) “Learning From Gandolfini's Estate Plan 'Disaster'”

Forbes (July 20, 2013) “6 Estate Planning Lessons From James Gandolfini's Will

For more information, see www.jerryreiflawyer.com

 

Thinking Beyond Your Last Will Saginaw, MI

So, you prepared your Last Will and Testament. However, that does not mean your Will is the final word on the distribution of all of your assets. For instance, your IRA likely will be governed by that common beneficiary form you may have completed without thinking through the consequences. Warning: do not designate your “estate” as the beneficiary of your IRA. This severely limits the distribution (and taxation) options available to your heirs. This matter was explored in a recent article in The Slott Report titled “IRAs and Wills Don’t Mix.” While your “estate” can be the beneficiary of your IRA and your Will thereafter determines the distribution of the retirement funds, this might not be best idea tax-wise. IRAs are very specific and peculiar assets with very specific inheritance rules. If your “estate” is the beneficiary of your IRA, then very “unfavorable” withdrawal rules apply. Instead of the IRA being withdrawn over the life expectancy of the beneficiary (typically younger than the plan owner), the funds must be withdrawn within five years or perhaps over your remaining life expectancy. Yes, this can get rather complicated. Make sure you consult with competent legal counsel when coordinating the distributions from your Last Will and from your IRA.

Reference: The Slott Report (July 29, 2013) “IRAs and Wills Don’t Mix”

For more information, see www.jerryreiflawyer.com

 

When PODs Go BAD Saginaw, MI

Things that appear simple can be complex. So it is in life, and so it is in estate planning. For example: the simple “payable on death” account. Forbes recently featured this subject in an article titled “When Payable On Death Accounts Backfire.” The promise of a “payable on death” account cannot be undersold. Funds subject to such an arrangement escape probate and transfer straight to the named beneficiaries. No muss, no fuss. On the other hand, whenever an asset passes “outside” of your estate by avoiding probate, it may not be in sync with your overall estate plan. This is true when you really intend for all of your heirs to share in your estate equally. If you have any accounts “payable on death” to just one of your heirs, then he or she will receive more of your estate than intended. Perhaps you want a particular account “payable” to the heir who also will be your executor. Your thinking is that such a move will enable them to have ready cash for funeral and other final expenses when needed. To avoid misunderstandings and hard feelings, make your intentions clear in your estate planning legal documents. For example, you could provide that any proceeds left after your funeral and final expenses will become part of the inheritance for that heir with an adjustment made to equalize the shares of the other heirs under your estate plan. In short, “payable on death” accounts and other direct methods to designate beneficiaries outside of your estate planning documents can be incredibly useful when used correctly. Unfortunately, it can also be downright counterproductive if they are not properly taken into account.

Reference: Forbes (August 9, 2013) “When Payable On Death Accounts Backfire”

For more information, see www.jerryreiflawyer.com

 

 

Teaching Points From The Estate Of A Soprano Saginaw, MI

As you may have heard, TV star and man of not inconsiderable wealth, James Gandolfini, recently and suddenly passed away. He left behind both shock at his passing and shock at the state of his estate. Indeed, few estate plans in recent years, celebrity or otherwise, have received such biting criticism as that of Mr. Gandolfini. What happened? More to the point, what should have been done? The reviews of Gandolfini’s estate planning have captured as much airtime as the unfortunate news of his passing. In turn, this has prompted more than a few editorials and guides arm-chair-quarterbacking his estate plan (or lack thereof). Consider, for example, practical articles like Learning From Gandolfini's Estate Plan 'Disaster'” from Financial Adviser or “6 Estate Planning Lessons From James Gandolfini's Will” from Forbes. Why all of the attention? Aside from the celebrity value, there is the sheer amount of taxation accidentally and disastrously wrought through various ill-conceived gifts. To put it in numbers, the estate tax bill is estimated to be at nearly $30 million, which is hard to believe since his entire estate is “only” $70 million. Is that the full story? According to fleeting words from Gandolfini’s estate planner as reported in The New York Times article titled “A Public Debate Over the Wisdom of Gandolfini’s Will,” there may be more in play. All the same, there are few estates that so vividly portray the values (and value) of estate planning, either in the form of taxes saved or in simple terms of privacy. A fact lost on no commentator is that the Gandolfini estate entered probate, baring the will and the whole process to the prying eyes and opinions of the world.

Reference: The New York Times (July 19, 2013) “A Public Debate Over the Wisdom of Gandolfini’s Will”

Financial Adviser (July 19, 2013) “Learning From Gandolfini's Estate Plan 'Disaster'”

Forbes (July 20, 2013) “6 Estate Planning Lessons From James Gandolfini's Will”

For more information, see www.jerryreiflawyer.com

 

Titling Assets to Avoid Probate Great Lakes Region MI

Estate planning between spouses can almost seem easy. Too easy. The law tends to put a number of things on autopilot, so loving spouses with few other goals or concerns might just let things run their course. Now, there are a great number of planning limitations to doing so, to include the lurking specter of probate. If you want to keep your estate out of the court, then there are certain steps you need to take and certain traps you need to avoid. This is discussed in the final installment of a three-part series for married couples in Forbes titled “Estate Plan Funding for Spouses.” Indeed, probate truly is a court proceeding which can be chock full of court rules, court timelines, and time spent idling in the clerk’s office. Any plan that lets the courts pick up the pieces of your estate plan falls into that rut. In addition, if your estate attracts any detractors or encounters other complications, then it is likely to stay there for some time. As a result, many people seek to have their estate skip straight on past those dark court corridors. As pointed out in the original article, and the previous ones in the series, revocable trusts are powerful tools even for spouses that fall well below certain estate taxation thresholds. However, there are other means to pull one asset or another away from the probate fires. The original article has some specific suggestions worth consideration. If nothing else, it’s worth a read to see just how many ways there are to plan for certain assets and various little steps to take that may provide big rewards.

Reference: Forbes (May 27, 2013) “Estate Plan Funding for Spouses”

For more information, see www.jerryreiflawyer.com

 

Titling Assets to Avoid Probate Saginaw, MI

Estate planning between spouses can almost seem easy. Too easy. The law tends to put a number of things on autopilot, so loving spouses with few other goals or concerns might just let things run their course. Now, there are a great number of planning limitations to doing so, to include the lurking specter of probate. If you want to keep your estate out of the court, then there are certain steps you need to take and certain traps you need to avoid. This is discussed in the final installment of a three-part series for married couples in Forbes titled “Estate Plan Funding for Spouses.” Indeed, probate truly is a court proceeding which can be chock full of court rules, court timelines, and time spent idling in the clerk’s office. Any plan that lets the courts pick up the pieces of your estate plan falls into that rut. In addition, if your estate attracts any detractors or encounters other complications, then it is likely to stay there for some time. As a result, many people seek to have their estate skip straight on past those dark court corridors. As pointed out in the original article, and the previous ones in the series, revocable trusts are powerful tools even for spouses that fall well below certain estate taxation thresholds. However, there are other means to pull one asset or another away from the probate fires. The original article has some specific suggestions worth consideration. If nothing else, it’s worth a read to see just how many ways there are to plan for certain assets and various little steps to take that may provide big rewards.

Reference: Forbes (May 27, 2013) “Estate Plan Funding for Spouses”

For more information, see www.jerryreiflawyer.com

 

Separate Marital Estate Planning Goals, Separate Attorneys?

Marriage is a partnership. Any partnership requires working together and, perhaps, compromise. But what if there is disagreement, especially when it comes to your estate planning? Marriage counselors stay in business because of marital disharmony. Commonly, they represent both spouses and seek to find common ground in a team approach. When it comes to estate planning, however, attorneys face a potential ethical dilemma. For example, estate planning attorneys cannot favor one spouse over the other, nor can they keep the secrets of one spouse from the other spouse in the course of “dual representation.” While there’s no sense starting trouble where there is none, nor in approaching anything in an overly legal or litigious way, sometimes spouses really do have different estate planning interests. It’s an ethical problem for the spouses and their estate planning attorney alike, as pointed out in a recent Forbes article titled “Ethics in Estate Planning for a Married Couple.” This certainly is an issue for attorneys (and their malpractice carriers) to fret about, but also for their clients to understand and appreciate. Indeed, at certain junctures it might be necessary for spouses to even engage separate counsel to wrangle their way through an estate planning impasse. This happens many times with prenuptial and postnuptial agreements, but in other instances as well. Do you not need separate counsel? Great! Still, take a moment to read the Forbes article about potential hazards. Above all, if you choose “dual representation,” make sure you both truly are represented – and included in all attorney-client communications.

Reference: Forbes (April 26, 2013) “Ethics in Estate Planning for a Married Couple”

For more information, see www.jerryreiflawyer.com

 

Don’t “Escheat” Your Family Inheritance Great Lakes Bay Region MI

Estate planning is not a do-it-yourself endeavor; there are plenty of opportunities to make costly mistakes. The biggest mistake is having no estate plan. Why? Because your life’s work may escheat to your state’s treasury by default. At the very least, a proper will can avoid legal landmines like the escheat rule. Escheat is the principle that there is no such thing as estate-limbo. Basically, an estate can sit in limbo for only so long before it gets swallowed up by the state where the decedent last resided. Consider the case of Roman Blum in New York, as reported in a recent Forbes article titled “N.Y. State Could Get $40 Million From Man Who Died Without A Will.” You can read all of the details in the original article, but Mr. Blum likely did not intend the State of New York to benefit from his life’s work as a real estate developer. For whatever reason, many otherwise responsible Americans do not take time to meet with an estate planning attorney to ensure the proper administration and distribution of their estates. The failure to make proper estate plans is really a plan to fail at your estate planning.

Reference: Forbes (April 28, 2013) “N.Y. State Could Get $40 Million From Man Who Died Without A Will”

For more information, see www.jerryreiflawyer.com

 

Brooke Astor Estate Settles – Lessons Learned For Estate Planners

One of the more public and famous estate law cases just ended after five years in probate. Yes, the estate of Brooke Astor is now closed after a settlement was finally reached. In the end, her (87 year old) son saw his anticipated inheritance divided by two and his control over influential charitable interests stripped away. None other than The New York Times followed the Astor case and covered the settlement in a recent article titled Settlement in Battle Over Astor Estate Is Reached. At the crux of the case was the son’s stealing from his mother’s wealth (the son and her attorney were both convicted, sentenced and remain free pending appeal) and arranging for the revision of her Last Will when she already was suffering from dementia. Originally, Ms. Astor’s Last Will left massive philanthropic gifts from her $100 million estate. However, later versions were revised to leave such massive bequests to her son instead. In the end, the court found these later revisions to be more the product of duress than volition, and her son now receives a paltry $14.5 million. I would recommend the original article for more on the Astor family and the intrigue surrounding the estate (and its planning). Certainly, there are lessons to be learned from this case. The main lesson I would draw is that substantial estate changes later in life tend to draw substantial scrutiny when the estate must be administered.

Reference: The New York Times (March 28, 2012) “Settlement in Battle Over Astor Estate Is Reached”

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EXECUTORS… BEWARE!

Choosing an executor can be a difficult task, and in no small part this is because it means finding someone you trust to do as you would do. Oftentimes it is gesture of trust and respect made to a friend or family member. Neither the estate planner nor the would-be executor ought to forget, however, that serving as executor can be a fairly difficult role to play. The Wall street Journal recently offered some practical insights and advice on the topic, noting that to be named executor is both “an honor… and a pain.” Simply put, the executor administers a decedent’s Last Will and Testament through probate, navigating the many twists and turns of that court process. Administration involves accounting for assets, paying bills, and distributing assets in accordance with the terms of the Last Will. The process typically takes time, too. It can mean up to several years for larger estates, and during that time the executor must keep up with the associated laws, tax code changes, and financial investments, or else intelligently delegate such responsibilities to professionals. It means that a “non-professional” can do the job, but perhaps not an amateur; you have to know your abilities and have confidence. To top it off, the compensation for being an executor is often meager, given the heavy workload, and is regulated by state laws. The biggest problem an executor will face, by and large, is a shifting relationship with the family. Money can make people antsy or even belligerent, even if the terms are clear in the Last Will, and that’s something an executor might have to bear. This is especially true of family members turned executors who may face soured relationships at family functions. Accordingly, that can make for some awkward moments around the Thanksgiving table. Practically speaking, to serve as an executor you must anticipate the challenges ahead of time, prepare for them, and remain organized. Indeed, organization is essential throughout the probate process, to include separating yourself into the two roles: executor and family member/friend. While planning your estate and settling on an executor, consider alerting your would-be executor your decision ahead of time. Doing so will allow them to prepare for the role, and perhaps even get directions from you personally. For more advice and anecdotes you can read the original article here, but to get a better idea of the challenges it is best to consult with your estate planning attorney for advice and counsel.

Reference: The Wall Street Journal (September 19, 2011) “Estate Executors: An Honor… and a Pain”

ESTATE PLANNING / BENEFICIARY DESIGNATIONS

What is the quickest way to un-do an otherwise carefully planned estate? Open a bank account, brokerage or retirement account. Why? Because the beneficiary designations on these accounts override your will. Yes, it’s true – the beneficiary designation is the estate planning trump card. And many an estate plan has come undone because of carelessly named beneficiaries. The Wall Street Journal last week issued a warning in an article entitled Beware the Beneficiary Form. “People don’t realize the importance of this,” says Martin Shenkman, an estate planning lawyer in Paramus, NJ. A carelessly named beneficiary on a financial account can cause a loved one to be disinherited, a disabled child to lose government benefits, and heirs to be slapped with a big tax bill. The Journal also offers a few tips to protect you from this type of estate plan destruction, to include: Know what kinds of accounts have beneficiary designations. Did you know that U.S. Savings bonds have a beneficiary form? Other accounts for which you may have named a beneficiary include retirement accounts, life insurance policies, bank accounts, certificates of deposit, stocks, bonds and mutual funds. Review your beneficiary designations regularly and certainly after any life-changing event such as a marriage, divorce, birth or death of a loved one. Also, job-changers and retirees take note: Beneficiary designations on retirement plans don’t carry over when you roll a 401(k) to a new employer’s plan or to an IRA, or when you convert a regular IRA to a Roth IRA. Learn more about beneficiary designations in the August 2010 issue of our newsletter, aptly titled Beneficiary Designations.

Reference:  The Wall Street Journal (July 6, 2011) “Beware the Beneficiary Form”