Michigan Estate Planning Blog

Should You Gift Kids Inheritance Now, or After You’ve Passed?

 

This is a genuine dilemma facing millions of parents and grandparents as they prepare to pass an enormous amount of wealth—$73 trillion—to the next generation. There are pros and cons to both approaches, according to the article, “Give the Kids Their Inheritance Now or Make Them Wait? 3 Things to Keep in Mind,” from Barron’s.

Giving too much too early could put parents in an economic bind in their later years. Therefore, this needs to be considered in light of today’s longer life spans. However, if you can afford to make a generous gift and your children could use the money now for a good purpose, it’s hard to justify making them wait.

How much to give is as critical as when to make the gift. The predominant concern is if you give your children too much, they won’t be motivated to earn their own wealth, or other family members will resent the gift. Estate planning attorneys and financial advisors routinely speak with families about these issues. These conversations always consider the values they want to instill in their children.

In some cases, parental support can help a child while working at an entry-level (i.e., low paying) job in their dream career. Covering the cost of rent for a few years can offer young adults a support net until they achieve financial stability.

This is very different than paying the expenses of a young adult with no career goal whose primary focus is a robust social life.

Anyone can make a yearly gift to any other person of up to $17,000 tax-free, or $34,000 per couple, but there are ways to make gifts without triggering gift taxes. Direct tuition payments to schools are tax-free. Unlike putting money into a 529 account, there is no limit to how much can be paid directly to a college or university. Parents and grandparents could also help with a downpayment on a child’s home without paying gift taxes.

Gifts don’t have to be large to have an impact. Some parents and grandparents give their children or grandchildren a small amount to start saving for retirement. A gift of a few thousand dollars during their 20s can grow into a nice sum over many decades. If the recipient has earned income, you can contribute to their IRA or Roth IRA accounts.

If assets are limited, consider giving personal possessions, such as jewelry or family heirlooms, to younger generations. You’ll get to see them enjoy their gifts, without putting your own financial situation at risk.

Whenever the decision is made to make these gifts, families should talk about their values and intentions around money.

If there are concerns about children losing an incentive to work because of the family’s wealth, a spendthrift trust might pass wealth along while controlling its distribution.

Remember that today’s generous federal estate tax rules are set to expire in 2026. Currently, individuals can gift up to about $13 million ($26 million for couples) tax-free in their estate plans. If the exemptions expire, this amount will be cut by approximately half.

Reference: Barron’s (Nov. 4, 2023) “Give the Kids Their Inheritance Now or Make Them Wait? 3 Things to Keep in Mind”

Why Would I Need a Will or a Trust?

 

Say that some time ago-- when your family was still young, and the estate tax limit was $600,000—you created a revocable and an irrevocable life insurance trust (ILIT). This was designed to take care of your family after your death. However, at this point, everyone is financially independent, and the value of your estate is far less than the taxable threshold of $11.7 million.
If the trust is terminated, the beneficiaries will get a step-up basis at your death and pay taxes at their own rates, rather than the trust rate. Would you need a will, if all the accounts have your children as beneficiaries? The ILIT was also funded with a term life insurance policy that is going to expire soon.
Nj.com’s recent article entitled “Should I terminate this trust and do I need a will?” says that there are number of issues to address. The purpose of an irrevocable life insurance trust (ILIT) is to own and control term or permanent life insurance policies, so that the policy proceeds aren’t included in the insured’s taxable estate upon his or her death.
While the current federal estate tax exemption amount is $11.7 million per person, the law is scheduled to expire at the end of 2025, when it will return to an exemption of $5 million, adjusted for inflation. It’s unknown if Congress will change the proposed exemption amount when the law sunsets.
If the ILIT is funded with a term policy that is set to expire soon, it may be easier to let the policy owned by the ILIT expire, which would render the ILIT immaterial. The terms of the ILIT will govern the procedure for the termination of the trust, which may be simple or onerous. Consult with an experienced estate planning attorney to who can look more closely at the trust’s language.
A revocable living trust lets the person creating the trust control the assets in the trust and avoid probate. It also can be used to manage the trust assets by a successor trustee, in the event the grantor who created the trust becomes incapacitated.
For example, New Jersey banks may freeze 50% of the assets in an estate at the owner’s death to be certain that any estate or inheritance taxes that may be due are paid. A tax waiver must be obtained to lift the freeze. However, any assets in a trust, aren’t subject to a similar freeze.
At the grantor’s death, a trustee must pay income tax, if the gross income of the trust is $600 or more. Depending on the amount of assets in the trust, the trust may not accumulate gross income of $600, if the assets are distributed outright to the beneficiaries right after the death of the grantor.
Lastly, it’s wise to have a will, even if the majority of assets are in a living trust or are in IRAs and other retirement accounts. That is because there may be some assets that are outside the trust or retirement account or there may be a need for a personal representative of the estate to handle tax or other types of refunds.
Reference: nj.com (June 15, 2021) “Should I terminate this trust and do I need a will?”

Watch Out for “State” Estate Taxes Saginaw, Michigan

Budgets are set to battle once more on Capitol Hill in the near future. All considered, estate planners are fairly content with the last battle and the federal estate tax laws that went into effect with the American Taxpayer Relief Act (ATRA) at the beginning of the year. Consequently, most taxpayers have been spared the federal estate tax. But don’t forget about what your state has in store for you. As a recent Kiplinger article warns, the state level transfer taxes have not fallen away like the federal transfer tax. The article, titled “Beware States With Their Own Estate Taxes,” notes that fully 21 states (plus the District of Columbia) currently impose some kind of transfer tax, whether a death tax, an inheritance tax, or both simultaneously. Furthermore, if you pay too much attention to the federal tax, then you might think you are home free in terms of exempt amounts. Unfortunately, state taxes are, generally, set with much lower exemption amounts. The Federal tax has been permanently set at a rather generous range with a $5.25 million exemption amount. On the other hand, New York starts taking a piece of the estate pie at $1 million. If you live in a death tax state, now is the time to be planning to avoid or minimize the impact. For that matter, too, where do you plan your retirement? Crossing into a new state for retirement or late-in-life care is not just about passing the “Welcome” sign on the highway. Accordingly, remember to consider how your move will affect your assets and overall estate plan. Then again, how much do you trust Congress and their idea of a “permanent” estate tax law? Already these new budget battles have given platform to new calls for a change in the “permanent” federal estate tax exemption. In fact, the Obama Budget Proposal would reduce the just-agreed-upon “permanent” exemption from $5.25 million to $3.5 million (The Washington Times here).

Reference: Kiplinger
(May 2013 issue) “Beware States With Their Own Estate Taxes”

For more information, see www.jerryreiflawyer.com

 

The Beauty and the Beast of the Estate Tax Rules Saginaw, Michigan

We certainly have been through some uncertain times regarding estate taxes over the past several years. From changing exemption amounts, to a one-year repeal, to “band-aid” fixes, the only thing certain about the federal estate tax was its uncertainty. Until now. Congress finally gave us permanent estate tax rules; and by permanent, I mean that except for a built in inflation factor for the estate and gift exclusion, the provisions don’t expire or change with the passage of time. Interestingly, despite its potentially onerous tax bite, the federal estate tax remains largely a voluntary tax. As Forbes points out in a recent column, “Want to Avoid the Estate Tax Cliff? Five Ways to Help,” the new provisions still allow savvy planners to substantially reduce, or even eliminate, federal estate taxes -- even on estates that far surpass the $5.25 million exemption. Forbes goes on to list five powerful strategies for reducing federal estate taxes: Gifting. The new provisions allow you to make tax-free lifetime gifts up to an amount equal to the federal estate tax exemption, currently $5.25 million. Straightforward gifting of assets while you are alive removes them -- and their future growth or appreciation -- from your estate tax-free. Discounting. There are still a myriad of techniques that can be used to discount the value of stock for transfer purposes. These techniques center on lack of control/minority interest and/or lack of marketability, and can create a substantial valuation discount. Loans. Family business owners can take advantage of historically low interest rates for loans used to execute sales of stock. As Forbes points out, “currently, a parent can sell shares of the family-owned business to the child for a fixed long term interest rate as low as 2.52%, and not incur a gift tax because of the loan rate.” Insurance. Properly purchased and owned, life insurance can be used to provide the cash needed to pay any federal estate taxes that may remain after other planning strategies are exhausted. Remember, the cash-call on federal estate taxes is due within nine months of the business owner's death. Charitable Giving. If the family is not interested in the business, but is interested in the wealth it has generated, a charitable gift of a business interest may be a savvy way to dispose of the business while also saving on taxes. As Forbes points out, “there are still a number of tax-smart ways to transfer the business to a nonprofit organization, and fulfill your estate planning goals.” The beauty of the new estate tax rules is their permanence. The beast is their sting -- 40 percent on the first dollar over the exemption amount (currently $5.25 million). Failure to wisely plan for a potential estate tax liability can be disastrous for your family and/or your business.

Reference: Forbes (January 30, 2013) “Want to Avoid the Estate Tax Cliff? Five Ways to Help”

For more information, see www.jerryreiflawyer.com

 

The Beauty and the Beast of the Estate Tax Rules Saginaw, Michigan

We certainly have been through some uncertain times regarding estate taxes over the past several years. From changing exemption amounts, to a one-year repeal, to “band-aid” fixes, the only thing certain about the federal estate tax was its uncertainty. Until now. Congress finally gave us permanent estate tax rules; and by permanent, I mean that except for a built in inflation factor for the estate and gift exclusion, the provisions don’t expire or change with the passage of time. Interestingly, despite its potentially onerous tax bite, the federal estate tax remains largely a voluntary tax. As Forbes points out in a recent column, “Want to Avoid the Estate Tax Cliff? Five Ways to Help,” the new provisions still allow savvy planners to substantially reduce, or even eliminate, federal estate taxes -- even on estates that far surpass the $5.25 million exemption. Forbes goes on to list five powerful strategies for reducing federal estate taxes: Gifting. The new provisions allow you to make tax-free lifetime gifts up to an amount equal to the federal estate tax exemption, currently $5.25 million. Straightforward gifting of assets while you are alive removes them -- and their future growth or appreciation -- from your estate tax-free. Discounting. There are still a myriad of techniques that can be used to discount the value of stock for transfer purposes. These techniques center on lack of control/minority interest and/or lack of marketability, and can create a substantial valuation discount. Loans. Family business owners can take advantage of historically low interest rates for loans used to execute sales of stock. As Forbes points out, “currently, a parent can sell shares of the family-owned business to the child for a fixed long term interest rate as low as 2.52%, and not incur a gift tax because of the loan rate.” Insurance. Properly purchased and owned, life insurance can be used to provide the cash needed to pay any federal estate taxes that may remain after other planning strategies are exhausted. Remember, the cash-call on federal estate taxes is due within nine months of the business owner's death. Charitable Giving. If the family is not interested in the business, but is interested in the wealth it has generated, a charitable gift of a business interest may be a savvy way to dispose of the business while also saving on taxes. As Forbes points out, “there are still a number of tax-smart ways to transfer the business to a nonprofit organization, and fulfill your estate planning goals.” The beauty of the new estate tax rules is their permanence. The beast is their sting -- 40 percent on the first dollar over the exemption amount (currently $5.25 million). Failure to wisely plan for a potential estate tax liability can be disastrous for your family and/or your business.

Reference: Forbes (January 30, 2013)
“Want to Avoid the Estate Tax Cliff? Five Ways to
Help”

For more information, see www.jerryreiflawyer.com

 

Federal Estate and Gift Taxes Finally Settled with Fiscal Cliff Deal Saginaw, Michigan

Unless you’ve been living under a rock, you’re probably aware that Congress last week passed a tax deal avoiding what the media had termed “the fiscal cliff.” You may not be aware, however, of how The American Taxpayer Relief Act impacts your estate, business and retirement planning. This week I’ll focus on those key aspects of the Act, starting with a summary of key provisions affecting federal estate and gift taxes. Perhaps one of the most important aspects of these new provisions is that they are permanent (as “permanent” as anything in Congress can be, anyway). By “permanent,” I mean that there is no scheduled “sunset” or repeal. For the first time in more than a decade, we now have a set of laws around which we can make reasonable estate and gift tax plans. Deborah Jacobs of Forbes wrote a succinct summary in the article, “After The Fiscal Cliff Deal: Estate And Gift Tax Explained.” You may want to click over to read it, but here are the highlights: • The Basic Exclusion Amount is set at $5.12 million per person in 2012, to be adjusted annually for inflation. In plain English, this means that a single person may transfer up to $5.12 million in estate value to their heirs federal estate tax-free. • There is an unlimited marital deduction, which means spouses can pass unlimited estate value from one to another without federal estate taxation. • Your basic exclusion amount also is “portable” to your spouse, which means that a surviving spouse can apply both spouses’ basic exclusion amount to protect up to $10.24 million in estate value from federal estate taxation. As Jacobs notes in her article, however: “Still, portability is not automatic. The executor handling the estate of the spouse who died will need to transfer the unused exclusion to the survivor, who can then use it to make lifetime gifts or pass assets through his or her estate. The prerequisite is filing an estate tax return when the first spouse dies, even if no tax is owed.” • Lifetime gifts are subject to the same $5.12 million basic exclusion amount, as part of your unified credit (one credit of $5.12 million for estate transfer and gifts made during your lifetime). Again, spouses may utilize both their mutual basic exclusion amounts to make lifetime gifts (called gift-splitting). Remember that lifetime gifts will reduce the exclusion amount available to the final estate. • The annual exclusion ($14,000 per person) allows you to make lifetime gifts that don’t count against your estate and gift tax basic exclusion. Married couples can combine their annual exclusion amounts to make gifts of up to $28,000 per person per year. For example, a married couple with two adult children could gift each child $28,000 per year, for a total of $56,000 – without utilizing their lifetime estate and gift tax basic exclusion. Should you review your estate plan in light of these changes? Perhaps, especially if it has been more than two years since you last reviewed your plan with your estate attorney; or if you have experienced significant life changes such as marriage or remarriage, the serious illness of a spouse or other family member, the birth or adoption of a child or grandchild, acquisition of property in another state, or a significant change in your finances such as receiving an inheritance or selling a business. If any of these situations apply to you, or if you have questions about how the new laws might change your estate planning, call the office and ask to schedule an estate plan review consultation.

Reference: Forbes (January 2, 2013) “After The Fiscal Cliff Deal: Estate And Gift Tax Explained.

Federal Estate and Gift Taxes Finally Settled with Fiscal Cliff Deal Saginaw, Michigan

Unless you’ve been living under a rock, you’re probably aware that Congress last week passed a tax deal avoiding what the media had termed “the fiscal cliff.” You may not be aware, however, of how The American Taxpayer Relief Act impacts your estate, business and retirement planning. This week I’ll focus on those key aspects of the Act, starting with a summary of key provisions affecting federal estate and gift taxes. Perhaps one of the most important aspects of these new provisions is that they are permanent (as “permanent” as anything in Congress can be, anyway). By “permanent,” I mean that there is no scheduled “sunset” or repeal. For the first time in more than a decade, we now have a set of laws around which we can make reasonable estate and gift tax plans. Deborah Jacobs of Forbes wrote a succinct summary in the article, “After The Fiscal Cliff Deal: Estate And Gift Tax Explained.” You may want to click over to read it, but here are the highlights: • The Basic Exclusion Amount is set at $5.12 million per person in 2012, to be adjusted annually for inflation. In plain English, this means that a single person may transfer up to $5.12 million in estate value to their heirs federal estate tax-free. • There is an unlimited marital deduction, which means spouses can pass unlimited estate value from one to another without federal estate taxation. • Your basic exclusion amount also is “portable” to your spouse, which means that a surviving spouse can apply both spouses’ basic exclusion amount to protect up to $10.24 million in estate value from federal estate taxation. As Jacobs notes in her article, however: “Still, portability is not automatic. The executor handling the estate of the spouse who died will need to transfer the unused exclusion to the survivor, who can then use it to make lifetime gifts or pass assets through his or her estate. The prerequisite is filing an estate tax return when the first spouse dies, even if no tax is owed.” • Lifetime gifts are subject to the same $5.12 million basic exclusion amount, as part of your unified credit (one credit of $5.12 million for estate transfer and gifts made during your lifetime). Again, spouses may utilize both their mutual basic exclusion amounts to make lifetime gifts (called gift-splitting). Remember that lifetime gifts will reduce the exclusion amount available to the final estate. • The annual exclusion ($14,000 per person) allows you to make lifetime gifts that don’t count against your estate and gift tax basic exclusion. Married couples can combine their annual exclusion amounts to make gifts of up to $28,000 per person per year. For example, a married couple with two adult children could gift each child $28,000 per year, for a total of $56,000 – without utilizing their lifetime estate and gift tax basic exclusion. Should you review your estate plan in light of these changes? Perhaps, especially if it has been more than two years since you last reviewed your plan with your estate attorney; or if you have experienced significant life changes such as marriage or remarriage, the serious illness of a spouse or other family member, the birth or adoption of a child or grandchild, acquisition of property in another state, or a significant change in your finances such as receiving an inheritance or selling a business. If any of these situations apply to you, or if you have questions about how the new laws might change your estate planning, call the office and ask to schedule an estate plan review consultation.

Reference: Forbes (January 2, 2013) “After The Fiscal Cliff Deal: Estate And Gift Tax Explained.”

For more information, go to www.jerryreiflawyer.com