Michigan Estate Planning Blog

Do I Need a Will?

 

 

Even after living through the global COVID pandemic, many people still don’t understand why they need a will and estate planning documents. One survey revealed as many as 40% thought they didn’t need an estate plan because they don’t have enough assets, says a recent article from Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, “Elder Law Guys: Having a will can bring peace, for you and your loved ones.” Even more worrisome, many of these people have minor children, who will be left unprotected if there is no will naming a guardian for them if their parents should die.

We’ve all read the stories of estate battles following the death of rich and famous people. Regardless of their age, marital status, or notoriety, their personal lives and finances became public headlines without a will and estate planning.

Regular people don’t want their loved ones to go through the mess of an estate battle, even if their personal news won’t become hot news on the internet. Here’s what to do to protect yourself and your family.

Make an inventory of your property. Include everything: your home, bank and investment accounts, personal possessions, retirement funds, life insurance, cars, boats and shares in a family business. Listing out who gets what in your will can avoid some (but not all) fights among relatives and siblings.
Even if you rent a home, if you’re employed and have a 401(k) and a bank account, you’ll want to be sure the people you care about inherit your property.

If yours is a blended family, or if you and your partner aren’t married, estate planning is even more critical. Estate planning is how you ensure that your biological children inherit your assets. If you’re not married, you need to take extra care, so you and your partner protect each other in case of a health emergency as well as for property distribution after death.

For parents of young children, a will is essential. Your will is the document used to name who you want to raise your children—a guardian. Without it, the court will decide, and it may not be the person you would have wanted. Your estate plan is also how you determine how children’s living costs will be paid. Your life insurance policy might belong in a trust, with a trustee named to oversee how funds are distributed to the guardians.

Your will is also used to name an executor, the person who will administer your estate, distribute assets, pay final taxes and estate taxes and ensure that your wishes are followed. An executor needs to be organized, responsible and trustworthy.

An estate plan should include documents to protect you while you are living. These include a Power of Attorney for financial and legal decisions in case of incapacity. A Healthcare Proxy or Medical Power of Attorney is needed so another person can be involved in your medical care, if you’re unable to speak for yourself. An experienced estate planning attorney will also discuss the need for a Living Will and other documents you might want to have.

The peace of mind resulting from having an estate plan in place can’t be measured. Knowing that you’ve protected your loved ones and yourself in life and after you’ve passed is a worthwhile investment.

Reference: Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (Sept. 22, 2024) “Elder Law Guys: Having a will can bring peace, for you and your loved ones”

Estate Planning When You’re Single

 

For one woman, the wake-up call arrived when listening to a friend explain all the tasks she needed to perform for her 91-year-old mother, whose needs were increasing rapidly. Solo agers, people who are growing older without spouses, adult children, or other family members, are now a significant part of the older population, says the article “Going Solo: How to Plan for Retirement When You’re on Your Own” from The New York Times.

Seniors who are married or have adult children have many of the same retirement planning issues as their solo ager counterparts. However, figuring out the answers requires different solutions. Managing future healthcare issues, where to live and how to ensure that retirement savings lasts needs a different approach.

Options must be addressed sooner rather than later. Estate planning is a core part of the plan. While you can’t plan everything, you can anticipate and prepare for certain events.

Determining who you can count on in a healthcare crisis and to handle your financial and legal issues is key. This is challenging when no obvious answers exist. However, it should not be avoided. You’ll need an estate plan with advance directives to convey your wishes for medical treatment and end-of-life care.

An estate planning attorney will help draw up a Power of Attorney, so someone of your choice can step in to make legal and financial issues if you become incapacitated. You’ll also want a Healthcare Proxy to name a person who can make medical decisions on your behalf if you can’t communicate your wishes. While it’s comfortable to name a trusted friend, what would happen if they aren’t able to serve? A younger person you know and trust is a better choice for this role.

A Last Will and Testament is needed to establish your wishes for distributing property. Your will is also used to name an executor who administers the will. Think about people you trust who are a generation or two younger than you, like a niece or nephew or the adult child of someone you know well. You’ll need to talk with them about taking on this role; don’t spring it on them after you’ve passed. Just because someone is named an executor doesn’t mean they have to accept the role.

Where you age matters. From safety and socialization standpoints, aging alone in a single-family home may not be the best option. Having a strong network of friends is important for the solo ager. Moving to a planned community with various support systems may be better than aging in place. Explore other housing options while you are still able to live on your own, so you can make an informed choice if and when the time comes for community living.

A combination of professional help will make the solo aging journey better. An experienced estate planning attorney, financial advisor and health insurance source can help you navigate the legal and business side of your life. Check with your town’s senior center for available social services and activities resources.

Reference: The New York Times (Sept. 21, 2024) “Going Solo: How to Plan for Retirement When You’re on Your Own”

Why Does Young Family Need an Estate Plan?

 

If you thought estate planning was just for grandparents, think again. Families with young children should have an estate plan. In fact, they should start working on their estate plan as soon as they know they’ll be welcoming a new member into the family. A recent article from Chronogram, “Why Estate Planning Is Important for Young Families,” explains why this is critical to protecting children.

Without a will, the court will make all kinds of decisions about the children’s lives, from who will raise them to how their living expenses will be paid. The decisions may not be what the parents would have wanted. Family members will still need to undertake expensive and stressful litigation if they want to go against the court’s recommendations.

The Last Will and Testament is used to distribute assets after the owner dies, including the primary residence, bank and investment accounts and personal property. Without a will, the state law determines what happens to the property. Let’s say someone dies with a spouse and young children. In some states, the spouse automatically receives the first $50,000 in value. The rest is divided equally between the surviving spouse and all children.

What happens if the children aren’t old enough to inherit property? Minors are not legally permitted to receive property, including ownership interest in real estate. If there is no will, the court appoints a guardian for the child. This can lead to unnecessary costs and delays in managing the ownership of the home. Having a will where each spouse leaves their property to the surviving spouse prevents this situation.

Wills are also used to appoint guardians to take care of children in the event both parents pass away. Guardianship refers to the person who will raise the children, which is different than managing the financial assets for the children’s living expenses. Parents are often advised to name a person other than the guardian to handle support for the children. Proceeds from life insurance policies, investment accounts, etc., may be better managed by a second person. A trust may need to be created and funded for these assets.

The role of the executor is especially important where minor children are involved. An executor overseeing the management of an estate when small children are involved needs a different mindset than someone distributing assets after the death of elderly parents. Another reason parents of young children must have a will and name a responsible executor is to protect the children’s futures by making sure that resources needed for the children’s support aren’t squandered because of family fights over the estate.

An experienced estate planning attorney can craft an estate plan to fit the family’s needs and protect the surviving spouse and children. There’s no need to leave the decisions up to a court when having a will and related estate planning documents can be prepared to protect the family.

Reference: Chronogram (Sep. 10, 2024) “Why Estate Planning Is Important for Young Families”

Can I Bequeath the Family Home to My Children?

 

You may believe giving your home to your adult children is a generous move leading to happy memories. However, this isn’t always true. One story recounted in a recent article, “Inheriting a Home With Your Siblings? Here’s All That Can Go Wrong,” from Realtor.com, is an example of how badly this could go.

Three siblings were left their parent’s house when the second parent died. One sibling wanted to keep the house, while a second brother and a sister wanted to sell it and split the money. They had the property appraised, and the sibling who wanted the house bought out his sibling’s shares, paying them both a third of the house's current value. One brother blew his inheritance on a sports car, exotic vacations and an expensive nightlife. The sister bought a boat.

Fast-forward a few years, and real estate values skyrocketed. The brother who bought the house decided to sell it before moving away to be closer to his wife’s family. The house had tripled in value. His siblings now think he should share the profits he made, even though his siblings didn’t want the house. The rest of the family sides with the siblings, making matters harder for the brother.

Estate planning attorneys were asked for their opinions on the matter, and all agreed. He made the decision to buy the property when they didn’t want it, so he owned it free and clear. They aren’t entitled to share the profits. They certainly wouldn’t have shared the losses if the property value had gone down!

Other families fight about the contents of the house. This is why everyone needs an estate plan with a last will and testament clearly detailing how they want their estate, including personal possessions, to be distributed. Hoping the children “work things out” doesn’t end well for most families.

Some families like to have an estate sale company come in and sell the contents of the house and split the profits, while others flip a coin to see who gets what.

Another issue about personal possessions is items disappearing. Sometimes, aging parents decide to declutter without telling anyone. In other cases, a child or family member decides to take something without telling anyone.

How can you prevent your children from fighting over the house or its contents? Have a will made and discuss how to handle your unique situation with an estate planning attorney. Make sure the will includes clear directions as to whether or not the house should be sold or how the shares should be distributed. You could also add a provision stating that if one child buys the shares at fair market value, the transaction is final and the other siblings may not pursue any future gains after the sale.

Parents should never leave property to one child and expect the child to share the proceeds with any other siblings or family members. If property is left to one sibling, they have no legal requirement to share any portion of their inheritance. This happens more often than you’d think despite it being an easy situation to avoid.

As the example above illustrates, even buying out siblings’ shares can lead to problems. If the sibling buying out others' shares is also the executor or the trustee, the siblings and parents would be wise to meet with the estate planning attorney to clarify how this asset will be distributed and what their role will be. Executors who are also beneficiaries can find themselves at the centers of estate battles.

Families may think they don’t need to put things in writing. After all, they’re family. However, when it comes to inheritances, having everything in writing, property prepared by an experienced estate planning attorney and clearly understood by all, is the best you can do to prevent any estate battles among your loved ones.

Reference: Realtor.com (Sep. 14, 2024) “Inheriting a Home With Your Siblings? Here’s All That Can Go Wrong”

Estate Planning for the Family Vacation Home

 

Many families enjoy owning a vacation home, where generations gather, and memories are made. The second home is part of the family’s legacy, and the hope is that it will continue over many years. Making this happen is the subject of a recent article, “Legal East: Legacy planning for your shore house,” from Daily Local News.

Let’s say the house is to be left to more than one heir. How will the expenses for maintenance be paid? How will the heirs devise a schedule for all owners to use the house? What would happen if the house needs major work and only one owner has the money to pay for it?

Discussing how to structure the ownership of the home with an experienced estate planning attorney is important, as there are many options. The home could be owned in a trust, as a business entity like an LLC, or owned outright by one or more family members. Determining which type of ownership to use becomes important as the owner's age.

If one of the vacation homeowners is elderly and needs long-term care, the home’s ownership may become problematic if they need to apply for Medicaid. Most people don’t think about this until they are faced with the problem. The vacation property will be a countable resource unless ownership is structured correctly before applying for Medicaid. Transferring ownership to a Medicaid Asset Protection Trust may make sense.

Another question is raised when considering applying for Medicaid: is there a primary residence, and is it exempt from being considered a countable asset? Most primary homes are, but this should also be explored with an estate planning attorney.

A Medicaid Asset Protection Trust is an irrevocable trust, but in this case, it’s created with certain features to allow someone to qualify for long-term benefits from Medicaid. A grantor establishes the trust, so the trust itself owns the home (or other assets placed in the trust), and the trustee manages the assets in the trust. The person creating the trust determines the trustee and successor trustees. In most cases, the trust terminates at the grantor's death, and the trust's assets are distributed to beneficiaries.

The MAPT is still subject to Medicaid’s five-year look-back. If the vacation home is transferred into the trust and an application is made to Medicaid within five years, the person won’t be eligible.

An elder law attorney can help you plan to protect your assets from the cost of long-term care through Medicaid, insurance, and trusts. Many strategies exist, but they all take some time to create and execute and need to be crafted for your unique situation.

Reference: Daily Local News (Sep. 4, 2024) “Legal East: Legacy planning for your shore house”

End-of-Year Estate Planning Preparations Start Now

 

Once summer winds down, estate planning attorneys start thinking about end-of-year to-do lists. There’s a lot to consider, especially this year. A recent article from Forbes asks the question: “2024 Year End Estate Planning: Are You Ready?”

Pre-2026 planning needs to happen sooner than later. When the federal estate exemption is cut in half, it will be too late to act. Estate planning attorneys are recommending that their clients address this before 2024 ends. Your situation may be best served with a Spousal Lifetime Access Trust (SLAT). Avoiding IRS scrutiny by leaving time between various transfers funding accounts if both spouses have SLATs. Not enough time may make a SLAT strategy vulnerable to IRS scrutiny because of the Reciprocal Tax Doctrine—trusts being too similar can be undone. It is best to have this done in 2024.

Regardless of who wins the presidential election, you need to get your estate planning in place. Even if you don’t go forward with big changes to your estate plan, having everything prepared in advance will provide more opportunities. You don’t lose anything by taking steps now to retitle assets to facilitate planning. Grantor trusts are always a good option.

If you wait until after the election, you may find yourself in a long line of last-minute decision-makers. An inexpensive trust can be created with a family trustee and trust protector. If it’s necessary, the jurisdiction can be moved in the future. If gift or transfer documents are properly prepared, you could even sign them as late as December 31, 2024. However, these steps can only occur if everything’s set up in advance.

2024 saw a Supreme Court decision with implications for business owners known as “Connelly.” If a business entity bought insurance on the lives of the owners intended to fund a buy-out if the insureds die, the value of the life insurance must now be included in the value of the business. Pre-Connelly, business owners also used LLCs to purchase life insurance to keep the value of the insurance policy out of the value of the business. This appears to now be subject to the same rules. If you are a business owner, review insurance policy ownership and buyout arrangements to be sure that valuations are correct and address the implications of the Connelly case.

Another Supreme Court Case, “Loper,” overruled how government agencies, like the Treasury and the IRS, may interpret statutes. Unless a law expressly states that the agency should issue guidance on the law, the courts no longer are required to give weight to what the IRS (or other government agency) has decided and can make decisions regarding ambiguous laws independently. This is still being figured out by the courts and attorneys. However, it would be wise to have your estate planning attorney review planning decisions if any might be scrutinized.

Final regulations for the SECURE Act have been issued by the Treasury, applying generally to calendar years beginning on or after January 1, 2025. This involves retirement plan rules, using trusts to hold retirement plan benefits for minors and other related issues. Your estate planning attorney will be able to explain whether any of these regulations impact your own estate plan.

The best way to be sure that your estate plan still achieves your goals is to meet with your estate planning attorney to review your plan. It may be fine. However, it’s best to find out if any changes need to be made before time runs out.

Reference: Forbes (September 10, 2024) “2024 Year End Estate Planning: Are You Ready?”

Curated a Collection? You Need an Estate Plan for It

 

If you’re wondering if you need an estate plan, the simple answer is yes. The reasons are many, but among them is the answer to this question posed in an article from Morningstar, “A dilemma of the ultrawealthy: Who inherits the wine and art collections?”

The number of zeroes appearing after your estate value doesn’t matter to the courts who will decide what happens to your assets after you die if you don’t have a will. If you don’t have a last will and testament, your family will have to go through months or even years of sorting through your affairs. The entire estate will go through probate, which is costly and takes time. Without an estate plan, your heirs will see any inheritance shrink after state and federal estate taxes.

A better way is to have an estate plan created. You need a Power of Attorney and Healthcare Proxy to allow a trusted person to make legal and medical decisions on your behalf if you become incapacitated. You need a will to name an executor, a person of your choosing, to manage your estate after your death. If you have young children, you want to name the person who will take care of them and not hope the court doesn’t pick a family member whose lifestyle and values don’t match your own.

What about the collection you’ve spent a lifetime diligently assembling, thinking it will have greater value for heirs than a traditional financial investment plan? Whether you have a coin or stamp collection, own a small fleet of midcentury cars, or enjoyed curating a wine cellar, your collection has limited appeal for your heirs. Younger generations aren’t as interested as you think in these items, either as a means of amassing wealth or something to fight with their siblings over when you’ve passed.

When faced with shrugs over who wants what from the collection, most people put their heads in the sand and expect the children to figure it out after they’re gone. For one sports memorabilia collector, the eye-opening moment came when he sat down with his adult children to discuss their role in continuing his collection. No one was interested.

His response was proactive. He created a spreadsheet of the assets meticulously documenting their provenance, value and where they could best be sold. He also included information tracking the life-cycle of the collectibles, documenting the family’s lack of interest in the collection and insurance protection.

Another example of the importance of documentation came from the experience of a woman whose uncle had a massive coin collection. Twenty boxes of coins were set out in the family’s den, and she spent evenings creating an equally massive spreadsheet. The spreadsheet was submitted to a reputable antiques company, which sent a representative to review and purchase the collection only because the documentation was thorough and the coins had some value. It must be said—the coin collection was valued at far less than expected.

Depending on the collection, your estate planning attorney may also suggest making a charitable donation to a local, regional, or major cultural center. If you have a collection of movie posters, for instance, a local independent cinema might be able to auction them off at a fundraiser.

Addressing collections of any kind and planning for their eventual sale or distribution should be part of your estate plan. An experienced estate planning attorney can help create an estate plan to protect your assets, even those your heirs don’t value the way you do.

Reference: Morningstar (September 3, 2024) “A dilemma of the ultrawealthy: Who inherits the wine and art collections?”

When Should I Start Doing Estate and Tax Planning?

 

Estate planning creates a legal framework to manage assets in the event of incapacity or upon death and should include tax planning to protect income and inheritances. A recent article from The Street, “Don’t Be a Grasshopper: The Importance of Proactive Tax and Estate Planning,” references Aesop’s fable of the Ant and the Grasshopper. The ants are always hard at work, preparing for winter, while the grasshoppers play all summer and starve when winter comes.

Fundamentals for estate plans include having an experienced attorney create a last will and testament to convey your wishes for asset distribution. This is also done through the creation (and funding) of trusts, which take assets out of your personal ownership and place them in a separate legal entity. One of the many benefits of trusts is that assets are distributed directly to beneficiaries, without needing to go through probate.

Other estate planning documents include a Power of Attorney, which designates another person of your choice to handle financial and legal decisions on your behalf if you are incapacitated. The Power of Attorney ends upon your death, so it is only used while you are living. Similarly, a Medical Power of Attorney, sometimes known as a Healthcare Proxy, is used to give another person, also of your choosing, the power to be involved with your medical care, speak with your health insurance provider and be part of your health care decision making.

Which estate and tax planning strategies you need will depend in large part upon the size of your estate. If you own a home, a car and investment accounts, a will is needed to distribute your assets and different types of trusts may be needed. If the family includes a disabled family member, you should speak with an estate planning attorney about Special Needs Trusts. If long term care is a concern, a Medicaid Asset Protection Trust may be helpful to protect the well spouse and family.

Proactive planning can be a little more complex for those with significant wealth. Strategies like a Dynasty Trust or Irrevocable Trust may be needed for those whose estates reach estate tax exemption thresholds, which are likely to shrink considerably in the future.

When possible, communicate your wishes with the family so there are no surprises after your passing. Decide how transparent you can be with your children and grandchildren. In some families, this is accomplished with a series of family meetings. For others, holding a meeting in the estate planning attorney’s office with the attorney present to answer questions can be more productive.

Regardless of your estate size and family dynamic, taking the time to create or update an estate plan is a kindness to your loved ones. They’ll know you made an effort to prepare so they can celebrate your life and hold their memories close without the distraction of family fights or protracted court proceedings.

Reference: The Street (September 3, 2024) “Don’t Be a Grasshopper: The Importance of Proactive Tax and Estate Planning”